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    <title>UTas ePrints - Takayama Gen, Nov (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new genus of unarmored Dinoflagellates with sigmoid apical grooves, including the description of two new species</title>
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    <meta content="Salas, Miguel F." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="Takayama Gen, Nov (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new genus of unarmored Dinoflagellates with sigmoid apical grooves, including the description of two new species" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="apical grooves; Gymnodinium
pulchellum; Gyrodinium acrotrochum; Gyrodinium
cladochroma; Karenia; Karlodinium; LSU rDNA
sequences; pigments; Takayama; T. helix; T. tasmanica;
taxonomy" name="eprints.keywords" />
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<meta content="A new potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate
genus, Takayama de Salas, Bolch, Botes et Hallegraeff
gen. nov., is described with two new species
isolated from Tasmanian (Australia) and South
African coastal waters: T. tasmanica de Salas, Bolch
et Hallegraeff, sp. nov. and T. helix, de Salas, Bolch,
Botes et Hallegraeff, sp. nov. The genus and two
species are characterized by LM and EM of field
samples and laboratory cultures as well as large
subunit rDNA sequences and HPLC pigment analyses
of several cultured strains. The new Takayama
species have sigmoid apical grooves and contain
fucoxanthin and its derivatives as the main accessory
pigments. Takayama tasmanica is similar to the
previously described species Gymnodinium pulchellum
Larsen, Gyrodinium acrotrochum Larsen, and G.
cladochroma Larsen in its external morphology but
differs fromthese in having two ventral pores, a large
horseshoe-shaped nucleus, and a central pyrenoid
with radiating chloroplasts that pass through the
nucleus. It contains gyroxanthin-diester and a
gyroxanthin-like accessory pigment, both of which
are missing in T. helix. Takayama helix has an apical
groove that is nearly straight while still being clearly
inflected. A ventral pore or slit is present. It has
numerous peripheral, strap shaped, and spiraling
chloroplasts with individual pyrenoids and a solid
ellipsoidal nucleus. The genus Takayama has close
affinities to the genera Karenia and Karlodinium." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2003" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Journal of Phycology" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="39" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="6" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="1233-1246" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.03-019.x" name="eprints.id_number" />
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<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.03-019.x" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="Bjrnland, T., Fiksdahl, A., Skjetne, T., Krane, J. &amp; Liaaen-Jensen,
S. 2000. Gyroxanthin—the first allenic acetylenic carotenoid.
Tetrahedron 56:9047–56.
Blackburn, S. I., Hallegraeff, G. M. &amp; Bolch, C. J. 1989. Vegetative
reproduction and sexual life cycle of the toxic dinoflagellate
Gymnodinium catenatum from Tasmania, Australia. J. Phycol.
25:577–90.
Bolch, C. J. S. 2001. PCR protocols for genetic identification of
dinoflagellates directly from single cysts and plankton cells.
Phycologia 40:162–7.
Bolch, C. J. S., Blackburn, S. I., Hallegraeff, G. M. &amp; Vaillancourt,
R. 1998. Molecular genetic variation among different global
populations of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum
revealed by RAPD-PCR. In Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernandez,
M. L. &amp; Wyatt, T. [Eds.] Harmful Microalgae. Xunta de Galicia,
IOC of UNESCO, Vigo, pp. 282–6.
Botes, L., Price, B.,Waldron,M.&amp; Pitcher,G. C. 2002. A simple and
rapid scanning electron microscope preparative technique for
delicate dinoflagellates. Micosc. Res. Techn. 59:128–30.
Carrada, G. C., Casotti, R., Modigh, M. &amp; Saggiomo, V. 1991.
Presence of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) in a coastal
Mediterranean lagoon. J. Plankton Res. 13:229–38.
Daugbjerg, N., Hansen, G., Larsen, J. &amp; Moestrup, O. 2000.
Phylogeny of some of the major genera of dinoflagellates based
on ultrastructure and partial LSU rDNA sequence data,
including the erection of three new genera of unarmoured
dinoflagellates. Phycologia 39:302–17.
de Salas, M. F., Bolch, C. J. S. &amp; Hallegraeff, G. M. 2004. Karenia
umbella sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), associated with
an aquaculture fish mortality event in Tasmania, Australia.
Phycologia 43 (in press).
Fukuyo, Y., Takano, H., Chihara, M. &amp;Matsuoka, K. 1990. Red Tide
Organisms in Japan: an Illustrated Taxonomic Guide. Uchida
Rokakuho, Tokyo, 401 pp.
Guillard, R. R. L. &amp; Ryther, J. H. (1962). Studies of marine
planktonic diatoms I Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Dutonula
confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Can. J. Microbiol. 8:229–39.
Hallegraeff, G. M. 2002. Aquaculturists’ Guide to Harmful Australian
Microalgae. Print Centre, Hobart, 136 pp.
Hansen, G., Daugbjerg, N. &amp; Henriksen, P. 2000. Comparative
study of Gymnodinium mikimotoi and Gymnodinium aureolum,
comb. nov (5Gyrodinium aureolum) based on morphology,
pigment composition, and molecular data. J. Phycol. 36:
394–410.
Kofoid, C. A. &amp; Swezy, O. 1921. The Free-Living Unarmoured
Dinoflagellata. University of California Press, Berkeley, 538 pp.
Larsen, J. 1994. Unarmoured dinoflagellates from Australian
waters. I. The genus Gymnodinium (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae).
Phycologia 33:24–33.
Larsen, J. 1996. Unarmoured dinoflagellates from Australian
waters. II. Genus Gyrodinium (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae).
Phycologia 35:342–9.
Onoue, Y., Nozawa, K., Kumanda, K., Takeda, K. &amp; Aramaki, T.
1985. Occurrence of a toxic dinoflagellate ‘‘Gymnodinium-type
‘84 K’’ in Kagoshima Bay. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 51:1567.
Ornolfsdottir, E. B., Pinckney, J. L. &amp; Tester, P. A. 2003.
Quantification of the relative abundance of the toxic dinoflagellate,
Karenia brevis (Dinophyta), using unique photopigments.
J. Phycol. 39:449–57.
Scholin, C. A., Villac, M. C., Buck, K. R., Krupp, J. M., Powers, D.
A., Fryxell, G. A. &amp; Chavez, F. P. 1994. Ribosomal DNA
sequences discriminate among toxic and non-toxic Pseudonitzschia
species. Nat. Tox. 2:152–65.
Steidinger, K. A., Landsberg, J. H., Truby, E. W. &amp; Roberts, B. S.
1998. First report of Gymnodinium pulchellum (Dinophyceae) in
North America and associated fish kills in the Indian river,
Florida. J. Phycol. 34:431–7.
Swofford, D. L. 1999. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony
(*and Other Methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Takayama, H. 1985. Apical grooves of unarmoured dinoflagellates.
Bull. Plankton Soc. Jpn. 32:129–40.
Takayama, H. 1998. Morphological and Taxonomical Studies on the
Free-living Unarmoured Dinoflagellates Occurring in the Seto Inland
Sea and Adjacent Waters. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Tokyo,
211 pp.
Taylor, F. J. R. 1992. The taxonomy of harmful marine phytoplankton.
G. Botan. Ital. 126:209–19.
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. &amp;
Higgins, D. G. 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible
strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality
analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:4876–82.
Zapata, M., Rodriguez, F. &amp; Garrido, J. L. 2000. Separation of
chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton:
a new method using reversed-phase C8 column and
pyridine-containing mobile phases. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser.
195:29–45." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<meta content="A new potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate
genus, Takayama de Salas, Bolch, Botes et Hallegraeff
gen. nov., is described with two new species
isolated from Tasmanian (Australia) and South
African coastal waters: T. tasmanica de Salas, Bolch
et Hallegraeff, sp. nov. and T. helix, de Salas, Bolch,
Botes et Hallegraeff, sp. nov. The genus and two
species are characterized by LM and EM of field
samples and laboratory cultures as well as large
subunit rDNA sequences and HPLC pigment analyses
of several cultured strains. The new Takayama
species have sigmoid apical grooves and contain
fucoxanthin and its derivatives as the main accessory
pigments. Takayama tasmanica is similar to the
previously described species Gymnodinium pulchellum
Larsen, Gyrodinium acrotrochum Larsen, and G.
cladochroma Larsen in its external morphology but
differs fromthese in having two ventral pores, a large
horseshoe-shaped nucleus, and a central pyrenoid
with radiating chloroplasts that pass through the
nucleus. It contains gyroxanthin-diester and a
gyroxanthin-like accessory pigment, both of which
are missing in T. helix. Takayama helix has an apical
groove that is nearly straight while still being clearly
inflected. A ventral pore or slit is present. It has
numerous peripheral, strap shaped, and spiraling
chloroplasts with individual pyrenoids and a solid
ellipsoidal nucleus. The genus Takayama has close
affinities to the genera Karenia and Karlodinium." name="DC.description" />
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Takayama Gen, Nov (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new genus of unarmored Dinoflagellates with sigmoid apical grooves, including the description of two new species</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Salas, Miguel F.</span> and <span class="person_name">Bolch, Christopher J.S.</span> and <span class="person_name">Botes, Lizeth</span> and <span class="person_name">Nash, Geraldine</span> and <span class="person_name">Wright, Simon W.</span> and <span class="person_name">Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M.</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>Takayama Gen, Nov (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new genus of unarmored Dinoflagellates with sigmoid apical grooves, including the description of two new species.</xhtml:em> Journal of Phycology, 39 (6). pp. 1233-1246. ISSN 0022-3646</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2473/1/Salas_Hallegraeff_JPhycol.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2473/1/Salas_Hallegraeff_JPhycol.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />1950Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="3253" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.03-019.x">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.03-019.x</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">A new potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate&#13;
genus, Takayama de Salas, Bolch, Botes et Hallegraeff&#13;
gen. nov., is described with two new species&#13;
isolated from Tasmanian (Australia) and South&#13;
African coastal waters: T. tasmanica de Salas, Bolch&#13;
et Hallegraeff, sp. nov. and T. helix, de Salas, Bolch,&#13;
Botes et Hallegraeff, sp. nov. The genus and two&#13;
species are characterized by LM and EM of field&#13;
samples and laboratory cultures as well as large&#13;
subunit rDNA sequences and HPLC pigment analyses&#13;
of several cultured strains. The new Takayama&#13;
species have sigmoid apical grooves and contain&#13;
fucoxanthin and its derivatives as the main accessory&#13;
pigments. Takayama tasmanica is similar to the&#13;
previously described species Gymnodinium pulchellum&#13;
Larsen, Gyrodinium acrotrochum Larsen, and G.&#13;
cladochroma Larsen in its external morphology but&#13;
differs fromthese in having two ventral pores, a large&#13;
horseshoe-shaped nucleus, and a central pyrenoid&#13;
with radiating chloroplasts that pass through the&#13;
nucleus. It contains gyroxanthin-diester and a&#13;
gyroxanthin-like accessory pigment, both of which&#13;
are missing in T. helix. Takayama helix has an apical&#13;
groove that is nearly straight while still being clearly&#13;
inflected. A ventral pore or slit is present. It has&#13;
numerous peripheral, strap shaped, and spiraling&#13;
chloroplasts with individual pyrenoids and a solid&#13;
ellipsoidal nucleus. The genus Takayama has close&#13;
affinities to the genera Karenia and Karlodinium.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com&#13;
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">apical grooves; Gymnodinium&#13;
pulchellum; Gyrodinium acrotrochum; Gyrodinium&#13;
cladochroma; Karenia; Karlodinium; LSU rDNA&#13;
sequences; pigments; Takayama; T. helix; T. tasmanica;&#13;
taxonomy</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270000.html">270000 Biological Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2473</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">15 Nov 2007 15:49</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">23 Jan 2008 15:48</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2473;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2473">item control page</a></p>
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